python tkinter

January 14, 2023

tkinter 适合简单的 GUI 程序
文档：https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/tk.html
参考：https://www.pytk.net/tkinter.html

tkinter 使用

# tkinter 控件
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox, filedialog
from tkinter.scrolledtext import ScrolledText

# ttk 控件
from tkinter.ttk import *

import time
import os


window = Tk()
screen_w = window.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_h = window.winfo_screenheight()
window_w = 800
window_h = 600
window.geometry(
    f"{window_w}x{window_h}+{int((screen_w-window_w)/2+0.5)}+{int((screen_h-window_h)/2+0.5)}")
# 宽x高+横坐标+纵坐标 （整数，坐标可以是负数）
window.title("Tkinter 测试")

if os.path.isfile("favicon.ico"):
    window.iconbitmap("favicon.ico")

# 布局
# pack/grid/place
# pack 和 grid 不能混用

# msg = Message(window, text="你好", width=60)
# msg.pack()
# msg.config(text="世界")
# msg["text"] = "再见"

dystr = StringVar()


def set_time():
    dystr.set(time.strftime("%Y年%M月%d日 %H:%M:%S"))
    window.after(1000, set_time)


set_time()

Label(window, textvariable=dystr, font=("微软雅黑", 16)).grid()


########################################################

Label(window, text="账号：").grid(row=1)
Entry(window).grid(row=1, column=1, padx=0, pady=5)
Label(window, text="密码：").grid(row=2)
Entry(window, show="*").grid(row=2, column=1, padx=0, pady=5)


def ask_for_quit():
    result = messagebox.askokcancel("提示", "确认退出?", default=messagebox.CANCEL)
    if result:
        window.quit()


Button(window, text="按钮", command=ask_for_quit).grid(row=3, pady=2)
Button(window, text="退出", command=window.quit).grid(row=3, column=1)


########################################################

area = Frame(window)
area.grid(row=4, rowspan=2, columnspan=5)

textarea = Text(area, width=50, height=10)
textarea.pack(side=LEFT)

sb = Scrollbar(area, orient=VERTICAL, command=textarea.yview)
sb.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)

textarea.configure(yscrollcommand=sb.set)
textarea.insert(INSERT, "多段文字\n"*20)
# area.update()

########################################################

Spinbox(window, values=("Apple", "Banana", "Cookie")).grid()

cbox = Combobox(window, values=["Apple", "Banana", "Cookie"])
cbox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>",
          lambda e: messagebox.showinfo("选中", cbox.get()))
cbox.grid()


########################################################

dybool = BooleanVar(value=False)
cbtn = Checkbutton(window, text="Proxy?", onvalue=True,
                   offvalue=False, variable=dybool,
                   command=lambda: messagebox.showinfo("提示", str(dybool.get())))

cbtn.grid()

########################################################


def menuCommand(e=None):
    messagebox.showinfo("菜单", "这是菜单")


main_menu = Menu(window)

sub_menu = Menu(main_menu, tearoff=False)  # tearoff=False 不显示分割线
sub_menu.add_command(label="新建", command=menuCommand, accelerator="Ctrl+N")
sub_menu.add_command(label="打开", command=menuCommand, accelerator="Ctrl+O")
sub_menu.add_command(label="保存", command=menuCommand, accelerator="Ctrl+S")
window.bind("<Control-n>", menuCommand)
window.bind("<Control-N>", menuCommand)
window.bind("<Control-o>", menuCommand)
window.bind("<Control-O>", menuCommand)
window.bind("<Control-s>", menuCommand)
window.bind("<Control-S>", menuCommand)
sub_menu.add_separator()
sub_menu.add_command(label="退出", command=window.quit)

main_menu.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=sub_menu)
main_menu.add_command(label="编辑", command=menuCommand)
main_menu.add_command(label="帮助", command=menuCommand)
window.config(menu=main_menu)

########################################################

click_menu = Menu(window, tearoff=False)
click_menu.add_command(label="前进")
click_menu.add_command(label="后退")
window.bind("<Button-3>", lambda e: click_menu.post(e.x_root, e.y_root))

########################################################


def create_top_level():
    t = Toplevel()
    t.title("标题")
    t.geometry("500x500")

    pb = Progressbar(t, mode="indeterminate")
    pb.start()
    pb.pack()

    tree = Treeview(t, columns=["1", "2", "3"],
                    selectmode="none", show="headings")
    tree.column("1", width=100, anchor=W)
    tree.column("2", width=100, anchor=CENTER)
    tree.column("3", width=100, anchor=E)
    tree.heading("1", text="column one")
    tree.heading("2", text="column two")
    tree.heading("3", text="column three")
    tree.insert("", "end", values=["aaa", "bbb", "ccc"])
    tree.pack()

    Label(t, text="LabelView").pack()
    Message(t, text="MessageView").pack()

    textarea = ScrolledText(t)
    textarea.insert(END, "自带滚动条的文本框组件"*100)
    textarea.pack()


menu_btn = Menubutton(window, text="菜单按钮")
menu_btn.place(x=400, y=400)
menu_menu = Menu(menu_btn, tearoff=False)
menu_menu.add_command(label="确定", command=create_top_level)
menu_menu.add_command(label="取消")
menu_btn["menu"] = menu_menu

########################################################


def ask_for_file():
    path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
    if path != "":
        lb.config(text=path)
    else:
        lb.config(text="未选择文件")


btn = Button(window, text="点击选择文件", command=ask_for_file)
btn.grid()
lb = Label(window, text="选择文件")
lb.grid()

########################################################

cvs = Canvas(window, bg="black")
cvs.create_text(50, 75, text="Consolas", fill="white",
                anchor=W, font=("Consolas", 40, "bold"))
cvs.grid()


def show_event(e: Event):
    def obj_info(obj):
        s = ""
        keys = filter(lambda attr: not attr.startswith("_"), dir(obj))
        for k in keys:
            s += f"{k}: {getattr(obj, k)}\n"
        return s
    messagebox.showinfo(repr(e), obj_info(e))


# <[{事件修饰符}-]{事件类型}[-{事件选项}]>
cvs.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", show_event)

########################################################

window.mainloop()

pyinstaller 打包

venv 的使用，参见此处

mkdir my_proj
cd my_proj
python -m venv ./
vim test.py
pyinstaller test.py -w # -w 选项，在 Windows 下不打开命令行窗口

# 指定图标
pyinstaller test.py -w -i favicon.ico
# 打包成单文件（不建议，会使程序启动变慢）
pyinstaller test.py -w -F